Oil Prices in 1993: WTI & Brent History and Monthly Averages
WTI average
$18.43
EIA annual average
WTI vs prior year
−10.4%
1992: $20.58
Brent average
$17.01
EIA annual average
Brent vs prior year
−12.0%
1992: $19.32
WTI averaged $18.43 per barrel in 1993, down $2.15 (10.4%) from 1992; that was the lowest annual average since 1988, and the 3rd consecutive annual decline.
Monthly average prices in 1993
| Month | WTI avg | WTI high | WTI low | Brent avg | Brent − WTI (matched dates) | WTI (September 2026 $) | Brent (September 2026 $) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| January | $19.03 | $20.38 | $18.21 | $17.39 | −$1.65 | $44.96 | $41.09 |
| February | $20.09 | $20.63 | $19.30 | $18.47 | −$1.59 | $47.30 | $43.49 |
| March | $20.32 | $21.05 | $19.52 | $18.79 | −$1.54 | $47.68 | $44.09 |
| April | $20.25 | $20.67 | $19.79 | $18.67 | −$1.56 | $47.38 | $43.69 |
| May | $19.95 | $20.58 | $19.15 | $18.51 | −$1.41 | $46.62 | $43.25 |
| June | $19.09 | $20.20 | $18.35 | $17.65 | −$1.44 | $44.54 | $41.18 |
| July | $17.89 | $18.50 | $17.20 | $16.78 | −$1.12 | $41.74 | $39.15 |
| August | $18.01 | $18.82 | $17.30 | $16.70 | −$1.29 | $41.91 | $38.86 |
| September | $17.50 | $18.73 | $16.74 | $16.01 | −$1.50 | $40.64 | $37.18 |
| October | $18.15 | $18.76 | $16.97 | $16.61 | −$1.55 | $41.97 | $38.41 |
| November | $16.61 | $17.50 | $15.30 | $15.20 | −$1.37 | $38.39 | $35.13 |
| December | $14.52 | $15.45 | $13.98 | $13.73 | −$0.79 | $33.56 | $31.73 |
Monthly averages are EIA's published figures. Brent − WTI is the average over dates with both prices published, so it can differ from the difference between the two monthly averages. Inflation-adjusted columns use CPI-U for each month, expressed in September 2026 dollars; “—” means CPI-U for that month is not available.
It was below $20 on 188 days. The steepest fall within the year ran from $21.05 on Mar 4, 1993 to $13.98 on Dec 17, 1993, a 34% drop. The price finished the year 25% below its first 1993 close of $19.03. From $18.21 on Jan 12, 1993, WTI climbed to $21.05 by Mar 4, 1993, a 16% gain.
Brent traded below WTI throughout 1993: its monthly average was lower in every month, and on the 245 matched dates it averaged $1.40 less. Brent averaged $17.01, down $2.31 (12.0%) from 1992.
Monthly averages peaked early, at $20.32 in March, and bottomed at $14.52 in December. In September 2026 dollars (CPI-U), the 1993 average is $42.97, lower than 2025's real average by $25.46 (37.2%). The 1990s as a whole averaged $19.70, so 1993 ran below its decade. Of 40 complete years with an EIA annual average, 1993 ranks 5th lowest, tied with 1995.
1993 summary statistics
| Measure | WTI | Brent | Brent − WTI |
|---|---|---|---|
| Average | $18.43 | $17.01 | −$1.40 |
| Change vs 1992 average | −$2.15 | −$2.31 | −$0.14 |
| Highest daily price | $21.05 Mar 4, 1993 | $19.60 Mar 5, 1993 | — |
| Lowest daily price | $13.98 Dec 17, 1993 | $13.13 Dec 29, 1993 | — |
| Highest daily spread | — | — | +$0.31 Dec 14, 1993 |
| Lowest daily spread | — | — | −$2.23 Jan 28, 1993 |
| First observation | $19.03 Jan 4, 1993 | $17.73 Jan 4, 1993 | — |
| Last observation | $14.19 Dec 30, 1993 | $13.18 Dec 31, 1993 | — |
| Published daily observations | 250 | 252 | 245 matched |
| Average in September 2026 dollars | $42.97 | $39.66 | — |
Daily spot prices in 1993
Show all 257 dates (Jan 4, 1993 – Dec 31, 1993)
| Date | WTI | Brent | Brent − WTI |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan 4, 1993 | $19.03 | $17.73 | −$1.30 |
| Jan 5, 1993 | $19.13 | $17.48 | −$1.65 |
| Jan 6, 1993 | $19.03 | $17.53 | −$1.50 |
| Jan 7, 1993 | $18.92 | $17.58 | −$1.34 |
| Jan 8, 1993 | $18.90 | $17.23 | −$1.67 |
| Jan 11, 1993 | $18.78 | $17.28 | −$1.50 |
| Jan 12, 1993 | $18.21 | $16.85 | −$1.36 |
| Jan 13, 1993 | $18.51 | $16.85 | −$1.66 |
| Jan 14, 1993 | $18.71 | $17.00 | −$1.71 |
| Jan 15, 1993 | $18.89 | $17.28 | −$1.61 |
| Jan 18, 1993 | $18.94 | $17.25 | −$1.69 |
| Jan 19, 1993 | $18.40 | $16.98 | −$1.42 |
| Jan 20, 1993 | $18.35 | $16.70 | −$1.65 |
| Jan 21, 1993 | $18.71 | $16.88 | −$1.83 |
| Jan 22, 1993 | $18.64 | $17.08 | −$1.56 |
| Jan 25, 1993 | $19.51 | $17.58 | −$1.93 |
| Jan 26, 1993 | $19.67 | $17.93 | −$1.74 |
| Jan 27, 1993 | $19.66 | $17.88 | −$1.78 |
| Jan 28, 1993 | $20.38 | $18.15 | −$2.23 |
| Jan 29, 1993 | $20.27 | $18.48 | −$1.79 |
| Feb 1, 1993 | $20.32 | $18.55 | −$1.77 |
| Feb 2, 1993 | $20.00 | $18.40 | −$1.60 |
| Feb 4, 1993 | $20.29 | $18.65 | −$1.64 |
| Feb 5, 1993 | $20.27 | $18.70 | −$1.57 |
| Feb 8, 1993 | $20.07 | $18.55 | −$1.52 |
| Feb 9, 1993 | $20.12 | $18.33 | −$1.79 |
| Feb 10, 1993 | $20.20 | $18.48 | −$1.72 |
| Feb 11, 1993 | $20.29 | $18.43 | −$1.86 |
| Feb 12, 1993 | $19.96 | $18.48 | −$1.48 |
| Feb 15, 1993 | — | $17.98 | — |
| Feb 16, 1993 | $19.59 | $18.20 | −$1.39 |
| Feb 17, 1993 | $19.30 | $17.93 | −$1.37 |
| Feb 18, 1993 | $19.44 | $17.83 | −$1.61 |
| Feb 19, 1993 | $19.69 | $18.30 | −$1.39 |
| Feb 22, 1993 | $20.08 | $18.63 | −$1.45 |
| Feb 23, 1993 | $20.49 | $18.88 | −$1.61 |
| Feb 24, 1993 | $20.28 | $18.88 | −$1.40 |
| Feb 25, 1993 | $20.63 | $18.83 | −$1.80 |
| Feb 26, 1993 | $20.53 | $18.83 | −$1.70 |
| Mar 1, 1993 | $20.62 | $19.03 | −$1.59 |
| Mar 2, 1993 | $20.48 | $18.83 | −$1.65 |
| Mar 3, 1993 | $20.46 | $18.93 | −$1.53 |
| Mar 4, 1993 | $21.05 | $19.35 | −$1.70 |
| Mar 5, 1993 | $20.85 | $19.60 | −$1.25 |
| Mar 8, 1993 | $20.63 | $19.28 | −$1.35 |
| Mar 9, 1993 | $20.71 | $19.23 | −$1.48 |
| Mar 10, 1993 | $20.42 | $19.08 | −$1.34 |
| Mar 11, 1993 | $20.12 | $18.70 | −$1.42 |
| Mar 12, 1993 | $20.38 | $18.83 | −$1.55 |
| Mar 15, 1993 | $20.18 | $18.88 | −$1.30 |
| Mar 16, 1993 | $20.04 | $18.55 | −$1.49 |
| Mar 17, 1993 | $20.14 | $18.60 | −$1.54 |
| Mar 18, 1993 | $20.29 | $18.70 | −$1.59 |
| Mar 19, 1993 | $20.05 | $18.58 | −$1.47 |
| Mar 22, 1993 | $19.52 | $18.18 | −$1.34 |
| Mar 23, 1993 | $19.98 | $18.23 | −$1.75 |
| Mar 24, 1993 | $19.97 | $18.53 | −$1.44 |
| Mar 25, 1993 | $20.12 | $18.60 | −$1.52 |
| Mar 26, 1993 | $20.42 | $18.55 | −$1.87 |
| Mar 29, 1993 | $20.27 | $18.65 | −$1.62 |
| Mar 30, 1993 | $20.27 | $18.45 | −$1.82 |
| Mar 31, 1993 | $20.44 | $18.70 | −$1.74 |
| Apr 1, 1993 | $20.54 | $18.98 | −$1.56 |
| Apr 2, 1993 | $20.67 | $18.88 | −$1.79 |
| Apr 5, 1993 | $20.59 | $18.95 | −$1.64 |
| Apr 6, 1993 | $20.33 | $18.65 | −$1.68 |
| Apr 7, 1993 | $20.35 | $18.70 | −$1.65 |
| Apr 8, 1993 | $20.22 | $18.53 | −$1.69 |
| Apr 12, 1993 | $20.43 | — | — |
| Apr 13, 1993 | $20.28 | $18.80 | −$1.48 |
| Apr 14, 1993 | $20.38 | $18.73 | −$1.65 |
| Apr 15, 1993 | $20.21 | $18.63 | −$1.58 |
| Apr 16, 1993 | $20.09 | $18.50 | −$1.59 |
| Apr 19, 1993 | $19.99 | $18.48 | −$1.51 |
| Apr 20, 1993 | $20.05 | $18.53 | −$1.52 |
| Apr 21, 1993 | $19.99 | $18.68 | −$1.31 |
| Apr 22, 1993 | $19.79 | $18.48 | −$1.31 |
| Apr 23, 1993 | $19.93 | $18.63 | −$1.30 |
| Apr 26, 1993 | $19.83 | $18.63 | −$1.20 |
| Apr 27, 1993 | $20.21 | $18.58 | −$1.63 |
| Apr 28, 1993 | — | $18.48 | — |
| Apr 29, 1993 | $20.63 | $18.80 | −$1.83 |
| Apr 30, 1993 | $20.54 | $18.85 | −$1.69 |
| May 3, 1993 | $20.58 | — | — |
| May 4, 1993 | $20.40 | $18.90 | −$1.50 |
| May 5, 1993 | $20.46 | $18.85 | −$1.61 |
| May 6, 1993 | $20.49 | $19.13 | −$1.36 |
| May 7, 1993 | $20.43 | $18.98 | −$1.45 |
| May 10, 1993 | $20.42 | $18.98 | −$1.44 |
| May 11, 1993 | $20.38 | $18.83 | −$1.55 |
| May 12, 1993 | $20.19 | $18.90 | −$1.29 |
| May 13, 1993 | $19.80 | $18.70 | −$1.10 |
| May 14, 1993 | $19.51 | $18.40 | −$1.11 |
| May 17, 1993 | $19.51 | $18.28 | −$1.23 |
| May 18, 1993 | $19.32 | $18.18 | −$1.14 |
| May 19, 1993 | $19.15 | $18.13 | −$1.02 |
| May 20, 1993 | $19.56 | $18.10 | −$1.46 |
| May 21, 1993 | $19.60 | $18.05 | −$1.55 |
| May 24, 1993 | $19.43 | $18.15 | −$1.28 |
| May 25, 1993 | $19.75 | $18.15 | −$1.60 |
| May 26, 1993 | $19.92 | $18.08 | −$1.84 |
| May 27, 1993 | $20.05 | $18.43 | −$1.62 |
| May 28, 1993 | $20.04 | $18.43 | −$1.61 |
| Jun 1, 1993 | $20.20 | $18.48 | −$1.72 |
| Jun 2, 1993 | $20.05 | $18.48 | −$1.57 |
| Jun 3, 1993 | $19.77 | $18.15 | −$1.62 |
| Jun 4, 1993 | $19.79 | $18.25 | −$1.54 |
| Jun 7, 1993 | $19.60 | $18.00 | −$1.60 |
| Jun 8, 1993 | $19.65 | $18.23 | −$1.42 |
| Jun 9, 1993 | $19.66 | $18.23 | −$1.43 |
| Jun 10, 1993 | $19.27 | $18.20 | −$1.07 |
| Jun 11, 1993 | $18.99 | $17.63 | −$1.36 |
| Jun 14, 1993 | $18.90 | $17.58 | −$1.32 |
| Jun 15, 1993 | $18.60 | $17.30 | −$1.30 |
| Jun 16, 1993 | $18.87 | $17.33 | −$1.54 |
| Jun 17, 1993 | $18.70 | $17.23 | −$1.47 |
| Jun 18, 1993 | $18.71 | $17.13 | −$1.58 |
| Jun 21, 1993 | $18.63 | $17.18 | −$1.45 |
| Jun 22, 1993 | $18.35 | $17.18 | −$1.17 |
| Jun 23, 1993 | $18.44 | $17.18 | −$1.26 |
| Jun 24, 1993 | $18.36 | $17.23 | −$1.13 |
| Jun 25, 1993 | $18.83 | $17.23 | −$1.60 |
| Jun 28, 1993 | $18.89 | $17.23 | −$1.66 |
| Jun 29, 1993 | $18.99 | $17.48 | −$1.51 |
| Jun 30, 1993 | $18.82 | $17.43 | −$1.39 |
| Jul 1, 1993 | $18.44 | $16.98 | −$1.46 |
| Jul 2, 1993 | $17.93 | $16.63 | −$1.30 |
| Jul 5, 1993 | — | $16.88 | — |
| Jul 6, 1993 | $18.29 | $17.13 | −$1.16 |
| Jul 7, 1993 | $18.06 | $16.90 | −$1.16 |
| Jul 8, 1993 | $17.79 | $16.55 | −$1.24 |
| Jul 9, 1993 | $17.92 | $16.53 | −$1.39 |
| Jul 12, 1993 | $18.12 | $16.78 | −$1.34 |
| Jul 13, 1993 | $18.05 | $16.95 | −$1.10 |
| Jul 14, 1993 | $17.43 | $16.50 | −$0.93 |
| Jul 15, 1993 | $17.73 | $16.48 | −$1.25 |
| Jul 16, 1993 | $17.29 | $16.60 | −$0.69 |
| Jul 19, 1993 | $17.68 | $16.58 | −$1.10 |
| Jul 20, 1993 | $17.20 | $16.58 | −$0.62 |
| Jul 21, 1993 | $17.60 | $16.73 | −$0.87 |
| Jul 22, 1993 | $17.57 | $16.65 | −$0.92 |
| Jul 23, 1993 | $17.67 | $16.85 | −$0.82 |
| Jul 26, 1993 | $18.11 | $16.85 | −$1.26 |
| Jul 27, 1993 | $18.50 | $16.85 | −$1.65 |
| Jul 28, 1993 | $18.25 | $17.13 | −$1.12 |
| Jul 29, 1993 | $18.12 | $17.08 | −$1.04 |
| Jul 30, 1993 | $17.94 | $16.85 | −$1.09 |
| Aug 2, 1993 | $17.90 | $16.85 | −$1.05 |
| Aug 3, 1993 | $17.81 | $16.53 | −$1.28 |
| Aug 4, 1993 | $17.82 | $16.63 | −$1.19 |
| Aug 5, 1993 | $17.54 | $16.60 | −$0.94 |
| Aug 6, 1993 | $17.30 | $16.38 | −$0.92 |
| Aug 9, 1993 | $17.58 | $16.45 | −$1.13 |
| Aug 10, 1993 | $17.58 | $16.30 | −$1.28 |
| Aug 11, 1993 | $17.87 | $16.58 | −$1.29 |
| Aug 12, 1993 | $18.16 | $16.78 | −$1.38 |
| Aug 13, 1993 | $18.14 | $16.93 | −$1.21 |
| Aug 16, 1993 | $17.84 | $16.80 | −$1.04 |
| Aug 17, 1993 | $17.95 | $16.88 | −$1.07 |
| Aug 18, 1993 | $17.68 | $16.63 | −$1.05 |
| Aug 19, 1993 | $17.64 | $16.63 | −$1.01 |
| Aug 20, 1993 | $18.09 | $16.68 | −$1.41 |
| Aug 23, 1993 | $18.42 | $16.83 | −$1.59 |
| Aug 24, 1993 | $18.38 | $16.93 | −$1.45 |
| Aug 25, 1993 | $18.45 | $16.68 | −$1.77 |
| Aug 26, 1993 | $18.40 | $16.75 | −$1.65 |
| Aug 27, 1993 | $18.82 | $17.05 | −$1.77 |
| Aug 30, 1993 | $18.63 | — | — |
| Aug 31, 1993 | $18.24 | $16.73 | −$1.51 |
| Sep 1, 1993 | $17.92 | $16.55 | −$1.37 |
| Sep 2, 1993 | $17.97 | $16.50 | −$1.47 |
| Sep 3, 1993 | $17.72 | $16.33 | −$1.39 |
| Sep 6, 1993 | — | $16.23 | — |
| Sep 7, 1993 | $17.14 | $15.85 | −$1.29 |
| Sep 8, 1993 | $17.00 | $15.65 | −$1.35 |
| Sep 9, 1993 | $16.97 | $15.73 | −$1.24 |
| Sep 10, 1993 | $16.74 | $15.43 | −$1.31 |
| Sep 13, 1993 | $16.98 | $15.43 | −$1.55 |
| Sep 14, 1993 | $16.94 | $15.58 | −$1.36 |
| Sep 15, 1993 | $16.85 | $15.35 | −$1.50 |
| Sep 16, 1993 | $16.85 | $15.43 | −$1.42 |
| Sep 17, 1993 | $17.10 | $15.55 | −$1.55 |
| Sep 20, 1993 | $17.68 | $16.03 | −$1.65 |
| Sep 21, 1993 | $18.12 | $16.25 | −$1.87 |
| Sep 22, 1993 | $17.53 | $15.88 | −$1.65 |
| Sep 23, 1993 | $17.52 | $15.88 | −$1.64 |
| Sep 24, 1993 | $17.52 | $16.10 | −$1.42 |
| Sep 27, 1993 | $17.52 | $16.10 | −$1.42 |
| Sep 28, 1993 | $18.07 | $16.40 | −$1.67 |
| Sep 29, 1993 | $18.73 | $16.78 | −$1.95 |
| Sep 30, 1993 | $18.72 | $17.23 | −$1.49 |
| Oct 1, 1993 | $18.63 | $17.08 | −$1.55 |
| Oct 4, 1993 | $18.40 | $16.90 | −$1.50 |
| Oct 5, 1993 | $18.43 | $16.78 | −$1.65 |
| Oct 6, 1993 | $18.43 | $16.98 | −$1.45 |
| Oct 7, 1993 | $18.49 | $16.88 | −$1.61 |
| Oct 8, 1993 | $18.53 | $16.98 | −$1.55 |
| Oct 11, 1993 | $18.76 | $17.13 | −$1.63 |
| Oct 12, 1993 | $18.70 | $17.15 | −$1.55 |
| Oct 13, 1993 | $18.65 | $17.00 | −$1.65 |
| Oct 14, 1993 | $18.50 | $16.80 | −$1.70 |
| Oct 15, 1993 | $18.24 | $16.70 | −$1.54 |
| Oct 18, 1993 | $18.13 | $16.50 | −$1.63 |
| Oct 19, 1993 | $18.04 | $16.53 | −$1.51 |
| Oct 20, 1993 | $18.25 | $16.68 | −$1.57 |
| Oct 21, 1993 | $18.28 | $16.88 | −$1.40 |
| Oct 22, 1993 | $17.92 | $16.48 | −$1.44 |
| Oct 25, 1993 | $17.36 | $16.13 | −$1.23 |
| Oct 26, 1993 | $17.55 | $15.95 | −$1.60 |
| Oct 27, 1993 | $17.66 | $15.95 | −$1.71 |
| Oct 28, 1993 | $17.30 | $15.83 | −$1.47 |
| Oct 29, 1993 | $16.97 | $15.43 | −$1.54 |
| Nov 1, 1993 | $17.50 | $15.83 | −$1.67 |
| Nov 2, 1993 | $17.03 | $15.63 | −$1.40 |
| Nov 3, 1993 | $17.47 | $15.83 | −$1.64 |
| Nov 4, 1993 | $17.38 | $15.78 | −$1.60 |
| Nov 5, 1993 | $17.09 | $15.73 | −$1.36 |
| Nov 8, 1993 | $16.69 | $15.28 | −$1.41 |
| Nov 9, 1993 | $16.71 | $15.33 | −$1.38 |
| Nov 10, 1993 | $16.54 | $15.23 | −$1.31 |
| Nov 11, 1993 | $16.91 | $15.18 | −$1.73 |
| Nov 12, 1993 | $16.72 | $15.08 | −$1.64 |
| Nov 15, 1993 | $16.78 | $15.25 | −$1.53 |
| Nov 16, 1993 | $16.69 | $15.33 | −$1.36 |
| Nov 17, 1993 | $17.08 | $15.55 | −$1.53 |
| Nov 18, 1993 | $16.67 | $15.40 | −$1.27 |
| Nov 19, 1993 | $16.55 | $15.25 | −$1.30 |
| Nov 22, 1993 | $16.67 | $15.35 | −$1.32 |
| Nov 23, 1993 | $16.39 | $15.25 | −$1.14 |
| Nov 24, 1993 | $15.73 | $15.13 | −$0.60 |
| Nov 25, 1993 | — | $14.35 | — |
| Nov 26, 1993 | $15.53 | $14.28 | −$1.25 |
| Nov 29, 1993 | $15.30 | $14.05 | −$1.25 |
| Nov 30, 1993 | $15.36 | $14.23 | −$1.13 |
| Dec 1, 1993 | $15.45 | $14.43 | −$1.02 |
| Dec 2, 1993 | $14.93 | $14.15 | −$0.78 |
| Dec 3, 1993 | $15.03 | $13.95 | −$1.08 |
| Dec 6, 1993 | $14.57 | $13.90 | −$0.67 |
| Dec 7, 1993 | $14.53 | $13.88 | −$0.65 |
| Dec 8, 1993 | $14.61 | $13.45 | −$1.16 |
| Dec 9, 1993 | $14.65 | $13.60 | −$1.05 |
| Dec 10, 1993 | $15.04 | $13.80 | −$1.24 |
| Dec 13, 1993 | $14.50 | $13.90 | −$0.60 |
| Dec 14, 1993 | $14.47 | $14.78 | +$0.31 |
| Dec 15, 1993 | $14.39 | $13.80 | −$0.59 |
| Dec 16, 1993 | $14.21 | $13.63 | −$0.58 |
| Dec 17, 1993 | $13.98 | $13.85 | −$0.13 |
| Dec 20, 1993 | $14.20 | $13.63 | −$0.57 |
| Dec 21, 1993 | $14.32 | $13.45 | −$0.87 |
| Dec 22, 1993 | $14.61 | $13.60 | −$1.01 |
| Dec 23, 1993 | $14.48 | $13.55 | −$0.93 |
| Dec 24, 1993 | — | $13.38 | — |
| Dec 27, 1993 | $14.09 | — | — |
| Dec 28, 1993 | $14.11 | — | — |
| Dec 29, 1993 | $14.45 | $13.13 | −$1.32 |
| Dec 30, 1993 | $14.19 | $13.20 | −$0.99 |
| Dec 31, 1993 | — | $13.18 | — |
“—” means EIA published no price for that benchmark on that date.
Source and methodology
| Provider | Series | Units | Coverage | Latest observation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| U.S. Energy Information Administration | RWTC — WTI spot price FOB | $/bbl | Jan 4, 1993 – Dec 30, 1993 | Dec 30, 1993 |
| U.S. Energy Information Administration | RBRTE — Brent spot price FOB | $/bbl | Jan 4, 1993 – Dec 31, 1993 | Dec 31, 1993 |
| U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics | CUUR0000SA0 — CPI-U, all items, NSA | index, 1982–84=100 | monthly and annual average | September 2026 |
Inflation adjustment: real = nominal × CPI-U(September 2026) ÷ CPI-U(period). Annual figures use the BLS annual average CPI-U; a year without one uses the mean of the months published so far.
Last updated: Oct 21, 2026, 5:27 PM CDT. Raw values are shown in source units; any conversion is labeled. See methodology and data sources.
Download:1993 daily prices (CSV)